Mask for the Tsam mystery Mongolia. Second half of the 19th century Papier-mache, hair, gesso, mineral pigments. 40 × 40 cm. Inv. No. 11443 I Received in 1949 as a gift from the government of the Mongolian People’s Republic. Of great interest are Mongolian papier-mache masks representing Buddhist deities and mythological characters. These large and heavy masks were worn by Buddhist monks during the ritual Tsam ceremony (the dance of Gods), when they performed dancing and pantomime in the courtyards of large monasteries. The preparation for the ceremony took a very long time. The monks had to learn the complicated movements of the ritual dances; sometimes a single gesture could take several months to learn. The ceremony, which was performed before large numbers of spectators, took place once a year and lasted from midday till late at night. It consisted of twenty-three ritual dances. The masks symbolized the dokshits, or terrifying deities, and contemplative lamas. The appearance of each participant was accompanied with a specific tune. The Tsam masks were kept in monasteries as sacred objects of great value. This mask, shaped as a bull’s head with five skulls on top of it, represents the chief dokshit-Chojil. It is made of papier-mache painted with mineral pigments and polished with animal fat. It comes from the workshops of Urga (now Ulan Bator). This fantastic image is vividly expressive and, like other works by the Urga masters, shows the influence of folk applied art. (via The Museum of Oriental Art Moscow (-))
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death personified